Contents

• Basics
  • Biomolecules
    • Biotin
    • Avidin
    • Streptavidin
    • Ligand-Receptor bonds
  • Functionalised magnetic markers
  • Magnetic fields generated by conducting lines
  • Computer-simulations of the magnetic fields
  • Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
    • Tunneling effect
    • Tunnel Magneto Resistance
    • Exchange Bias
  
  
• Preparation and analytical tools
  • Sputtering thin films
  • Ion beam milling
  • Optical lithography
  • E-beam lithography
  • Auger electron spectroscopy
  • Alternating Gradient Magnetometer
  • Optical microscope with a CCD-Camera system
  
  
• On-chip manipulation of magnetic markers with conducting lines
  • Basic sample preparation
  • Problems during the measurements
  • Examples for on-chip manipulation with magnetic markers
    • Current through a straight line (proof of principle)
    • Trapping markers in a ring
    • Manipulation using electric fields
    • Transportation and positioning of magnetic markers
  • Discussion
  
  
• Bond-Force measurements
  • Sulfur-gold bond
  • Sample preparation for ligand-receptor bonds
  • Surface preparation for the bond-force measurements
  • Selection of suitable magnetic markers
  • Bond enthalpy of all involved bonds
  • Results
  • Discussion
  
  
• Exact positioning of single magnetic particles
  • Development of the lithographic design
  • Specialities regarding the measurement conditions
  • Results and discussion
  
  
• A single magnetic particle on a TMR sensor
  • Development of the TMR-Stack
  • Sample preparation
  • Results
  • Discussion
  
  
• Summary and Outlook
• List of Figures
• Bibliography